Introduction Soil fertility is one of the critical factors that influence crop growth and yield. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is an essential parameter for soil

Introduction Soil moisture, a critical factor influencing crop growth, nutrient availability, and overall agricultural productivity, has been a focal point of research and technological advancements.

Abstract Soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are fundamental nutrients for plant growth and agricultural productivity. Accurate and timely detection of soil NPK

Abstract In the modern era of rapid technological advancement and increasing environmental awareness, soil sensor have emerged as a crucial tool with far – reaching

In the realm of sustainable agriculture, precision and efficiency are paramount. With the ongoing challenges posed by population growth, resource scarcity, and environmental changes, modern

A Comprehensive Guide In the rapidly evolving landscape of modern agriculture, technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. Among the various

Introduction: In the face of increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable agriculture. Advanced soil sensor are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing irrigation

Soil sensors play a crucial role in modern agriculture, environmental monitoring, research, and various other fields by providing valuable data on soil conditions. These sensors